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Compare Western Sahara (2008) - Macau (2002)
Compare Western Sahara (2008) z Macau (2002)
| Western Sahara (2008) | Macau (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (under de facto control of Morocco) | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 45.4% (male 88,176/female 85,421)
15-64 years: 52.3% (male 98,345/female 101,895) 65 years and over: 2.3% (male 3,705/female 5,075) (2007 est.) |
0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439)
15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads); fish | rice, vegetables |
| Airports | 9 (2007) | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2007) |
total: 1
over 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 6
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2007) |
- |
| Area | total: 266,000 sq km
land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 25.4 sq km
land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about the size of Colorado | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed. In April 2007, Morocco presented an autonomy plan for the territory to the UN, which the U.S. considers serious and credible. The Polisario also presented a plan to the UN in 2007. Since August 2007, representatives from the Government of Morocco and the Polisario Front have met three times to negotiate the status of Western Sahara, with a fourth round of negotiations planned for March 2008. | Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. |
| Birth rate | NA 39.95 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA |
revenues: $1.15 billion
expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.) |
| Capital | none
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) |
- |
| Climate | hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew | subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers |
| Coastline | 1,110 km | 41 km |
| Constitution | - | Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara |
conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region
conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese) |
| Currency | - | pataca (MOP) |
| Death rate | NA | 3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $1.5 billion (1998) |
| Dependency status | - | special administrative region of China |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none | the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Disputes - international | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whose sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, administered by the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals; several states have extended diplomatic relations to the "Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic" represented by the Polisario Front in exile in Algeria, while others recognize Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara; most of the approximately 102,000 Sahrawi refugees are sheltered in camps in Tindouf, Algeria | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $NA |
| Economy - overview | Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. Incomes in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level. The Moroccan Government controls all trade and other economic activities in Western Sahara. Morocco and the EU signed a four-year agreement in July 2006 allowing European vessels to fish off the coast of Morocco, including the disputed waters off the coast of Western Sahara. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. However, in 2006 the Polisario awarded similar exploration licenses in the disputed territory, which would come into force if Morocco and the Polisario resolve their dispute over Western Sahara. | Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry. |
| Electricity - consumption | 79.05 million kWh (2005) | 1.476 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (2005) | 1 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (2005) | 175 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 85 million kWh (2005) | 1.4 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m
highest point: unnamed location 463 m |
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m |
| Environment - current issues | sparse water and lack of arable land | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Arab, Berber | Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other |
| Exchange rates | Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.2827 (2007), 8.7722 (2006), 8.865 (2005), 8.868 (2004), 9.5744 (2003) | patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar |
| Executive branch | none | chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)
head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms |
| Exports | 0 bbl/day (2004) | $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000) |
| Exports - commodities | phosphates 62% | clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras |
| Exports - partners | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006) | US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | - | light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: 40% |
agriculture: 1%
industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | - | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 0.5% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 24 30 N, 13 00 W | 22 10 N, 113 33 E |
| Geography - note | the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas | essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland |
| Highways | - | total: 50 km
paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | 1,698 bbl/day (2004) | $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000) |
| Imports - commodities | fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs | clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock |
| Imports - partners | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2006) | China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000) |
| Independence | - | none (special administrative region of China) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | phosphate mining, handicrafts | tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | -2% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | none | CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | - | The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region |
| Labor force | 12,000 | 218,000 (2001) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture: 50%
industry and services: 50% |
restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km |
total: 0.34 km
border countries: China 0.34 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0.02%
permanent crops: 0% other: 99.98% (2005) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic | Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) |
| Legal system | - | based on Portuguese civil law system |
| Legislative branch | - | unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA
male: NA female: NA |
total population: 81.78 years
male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | NA | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.) |
| Location | Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco | Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China |
| Map references | Africa | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue | not specified |
| Merchant marine | - | none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | - | responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 |
| Military branches | - | no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | - | National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day |
| Nationality | noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)
adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian |
noun: Chinese
adjective: Chinese |
| Natural hazards | hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility | typhoons |
| Natural resources | phosphates, iron ore | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | - | 9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | - | there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] |
| Population | 382,617
note: estimate is based on projections by age, sex, fertility, mortality, and migration; fertility and mortality are based on data from neighboring countries (July 2007 est.) |
461,833 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | NA | 1.75% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | Macau |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 160,000 (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | Muslim | Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) |
| Sex ratio | NA | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed | direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies |
| Telephone system | general assessment: sparse and limited system
domestic: NA international: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco |
general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services
domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | about 2,000 (1999 est.) | 176,902 (November 2001) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (1999) | 158,251 (November 2001) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA | 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) |
| Terrain | mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast | generally flat |
| Total fertility rate | NA | 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | 6.5% (2001 est.) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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